I am aware of the sort:date feature, but what I am looking for is different. Let me try to explain.
I do not want to see the results sorted by date, but rather the results sorted by relevance with the date used to filter out some results. This is distinctly different from getting all results, regardless of their relevance, sorted by date. I rarely care about the most recent update on any given topic, I generally want the best result that occurred within a certain date range.
If the most relevant result came up three weeks ago, it would likely be very far down the results list with sort:date and therefore it does not do what I want it to do.
As an example, if the default result set ordered by relevance is as follows:
A - 3 years ago
B - 6 days ago
C - 5 months ago
D - 2 weeks ago
E - 2 days ago
Then the sort:date would return the results as EBDCA, with the most relevant result, A coming in furthest down the page and E, the most recent, but least relevant result coming in at the top. This is not terribly useful most of the time for me.
Using Google's "Past week", "Past month", or "Past year" filters, instead of getting all results sorted by date, I get the most relevant result set with anything not hitting that cut off date filtered out of the result set. Using the above example with these filters, these would look as follows:
Past week: BE
Past month: BDE
Past year: BCDE
In all cases, the results are ordered by relevance, not just by date - it has just filtered out results older than my request. This is what my request was referring to, not just the results sorted by the most recent date.