This is how I understand it: basically, XMPP is like an email address. There's no central server and anyone can run a server.
Here's what Wikipedia says:
For example, a few minutes ago I connected to the duckduckgo room via first my XMPP account on dukgo.com and then through my account on jabber.org. Being able to connect to other servers through a single address is federation.
Having said that, according to
this website and Microsoft's API guides, MS uses their own authentication layer which isn't supported by all non-MS clients yet (and I believe that the servers must also support the method, although I'm not really too sure.)
Most importantly, however, it that the current release is not federated AFAIK, meaning that I cannot yet talk to Messenger via dukgo.com or vice-versa. dukgo.com is federated, else I wouldn't have been able to connect to jabber.org.
Hope that answers your question! :)